Heliculturists have called more Youths to go into snail farming as part of measures to meet local and international demand. The farmers, in interviews with the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN), said that heliculture (snail farming) is a lucrative agricultural business that many young entrepreneurs often overlook. Heliculture is the act of rearing or raising snails specifically for meat, slime, eggs, or other economic uses. One of the farmers in Kuje, Abuja, Mrs. Antonia Ekpe, advised youths to invest in heliculture. She described snail farming as a viable business venture that is gradually being explored in Nigeria and Africa. According to her, snail farming has an inexhaustible market potential that not only tend to the production of meat, but also skin care products and medication. Yamtaly Abdulmarie, who is the Director of Dimfarms, said that few individuals are creating wealth and leaving behind legacies on snail farming in Nigeria. He said that there is need for more investors in the business considering that it is a lucrative venture with enormous benefits and huge market potentials. ”In Nigeria, the price of medium size snail cost between N250 and N600. “Research shows that the annual demand for snail in Nigeria is about 7.5 million kg and countries like the U.S. imports more than four million dollars worth of snails annually from all over the world, including Nigeria. “Imagine the broad benefits that can be reaped from the venture, yet we see only a small number of youths going into the sector. “Snail farming is a low-risk business. Unlike many other livestock businesses, snail farming requires very little start up and operating costs. ”It is not time intensive and it allows you to focus on other businesses.” Abdulmarie, however stressed the need for scientific research and long-term investments in the development of snail farming in the country. This was even as Victor Onwuchekwa, a heliculturist and Chief Executive Officer of Animal Agro Ventures (AAV), called on government to properly sensitise the youths on snail farming and encourage investments on all platforms. “Youths should have access to credit facilities from the government with favourable repayment plan, to enable beneficiaries manage the business. “They should be introduced to snail farming through the Centre for Entrepreneurial Development programmes in the universities, National Youth Service Scheme programmes and skills intervention plans.“ Onwuchekwa said that besides being a source of protein, there are other benefits derived from snails, such as cosmetic and medicinal ingredients. ”Snail slime (the drawing liquid) is used by cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries in the treatment of skin diseases such as pimples. “It also provides vitamin B12, an essential vitamin needed to prevent and control diabetes. The benefits are numerous.” On the challenges in the sector, Kalu Igbe, said that they include lack of access to capital, lack of infrastructure and many others. “Returns on investment in snail farming are as slow as the snail themselves. This makes it difficult for snail farmers to access loans from financial institutions or establishments. “However, financial institutions must understand that snail farming was a long term investment that yielded more than 100 per cent of its input. ”Lack of technical know-how in snail farming is another challenge that threatens the sector’s existence.” Igbe said that more research needs to be carried out if the sector must survive another decade and meet up with international standards. Mrs. Justina Ayuba, another heliculturist, said that snail farming practice by itself is highly untapped, as it is a money making machine with vast possibilities. She advised the youths to seize the opportunities presented to them rather than waiting for government’s intervention
Events in Ukraine are moving fast and faster. Dangers of economic paralysis in Ukraine and of wider war with Russia are very real. This essay will argue that we all need to notice our historical biases in perceiving and misperceiving events. My own bias is anti-war. Now is not the time in human history for geopolitical power plays and military alliances. Now is the time for coordinated international actions on climate and economy. I am a Professor of Social and Community Psychology at the University of Tromsø in Arctic Norway, near the Russian border. I have no special knowledge of Russia other than conventional sources (Google Scholar, Wikipedia, JSTOR). My surname is Lithuanian, from my grandfather’s emigration in 1897 when Lithuania was controlled by Russia. James Joyce’s famous statement that “history is a nightmare” from which we should try to awake, aptly describes current events in the Ukraine. All nations involved in these events are biased by the remembered, misremembered, forgotten, and mythologized history they carry in their heads. Chaos in Maidan Square, neo-fascists in positions of power in Kiev, Russia annexing Crimea, these are inkblots that everyone sees differently depending on the historical visions that dominate their minds. Our national memories have the passion and power to drive us blindly to hatred and to war. The histories we believe set us up for easy manipulations and disastrous actions. Hillary Clinton, on March 5, said that Putin’s concern for Russians in Ukraine is like Hitler’s concern for Germans in Poland and Czechoslovakia. It is also like Ronald Reagan’s concern for US medical students in Grenada by which he justified his 1983 invasion of that small island nation. Clinton said, “We can learn from this tactic that has been used before.” That is good advice if we consider this tactic of: a) personifying a nation by its leader’s personal name, and b) then labelling that leader “Hitler.” This is a sure way to activate a demon in the American national memory, and to mobilize the United States to again fight evil personified by the new Hitler. John Kerry said Assad is Hitler. John McCain said Castro is Hitler. George Bush said Saddam was Hitler. Donald Rumsfeld said Chavez was Hitler. The list of leaders the US has targeted as Hitler includes Allende (Chile), Noriega (Panama), Ortega (Nicaragua), Milosevic (Serbia), Arafat (Palestine), Gaddafi (Libya), Ahmadinejad (Iran), and Kim (North Korea). Hitler, in fact, was defeated by the USSR more than by the USA. After the Battle of Stalingrad in February 1943 and the Battle of Kursk in August 1943, Germany had effectively lost WWII. D-Day was a year later, in June 1944. Soviet armies caused more than 90% of total German casualties. Nevertheless, Americans remember that it was they who defeated Hitler. Americans also “Remember the Alamo”. In 1835, American settlers in the Mexican territory of Texas felt threatened by the government of Santa Anna in Mexico City, which had come to power by coup. In1836, the American settlers in Texas declared independence, and later negotiated annexation by the United States. Thus, Americans can, if they wish, appreciate that Crimeans felt threatened by the government in Kiev, which came to power by a coup d’etat, and that Crimeans also declared independence, and also then negotiated annexation by the nation of their origin. However, unlike Texas, Crimea had previously been part of Russia for 170 years. Just as the Alamo is an iconic historic site for Americans, so, too, is the Crimean fortress of Sevastopol, an iconic historic site for Russians. Both symbolize steadfast courage and sacrifice in the face of overwhelming force. The Siege of the Alamo in 1836 lasted 13 days, with 1,500 Mexican soldiers overwhelming 250 Americans who died heroically defending liberty and independence. The first Siege of Sevastopol in 1854, lasted two years, with 175,000 British, French, Turkish, German, Italian, Polish and Swiss soldiers overwhelming 35,000 Russian soldiers heroically defending Russian Crimea. Americans should remember that they own Alaska only because Russia sold it, in large part, to pay debts incurred defending Crimea from the attacking European alliance. The second Siege of Sevastopol in 1941 lasted one year, with more than 200,000 German, Romanian, Italian and Bulgarian forces overwhelming 106,000 Soviet soldiers heroically defending Russian Crimea. When, and if, Americans feel emotional remembering the Alamo, they can then begin to imagine the depth of emotion Russians must feel remembering Sevastopol. America experienced invading foreign forces during its War of Independence in the 1770s, and again on a small scale during the War of 1812. But only two foreign attacks are seared into the American psyche with historic force. One is the Dec 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor which lasted less than 2 hours and killed 2,400 Americans. The other is the Sept 11, 2001 attack on NY City and Washington, DC which lasted less than 3 hours and killed 3,000 victims. Americans’ anger to avenge those attacks is deep and enduring, allowing no limits of cost, no limits of law, to prevent such attacks happening again. Thus, Americans can, if they wish, appreciate Russia’s reactions to being attacked by foreign armies, and can understand why Russia also will allow no limits of cost, no limits of law, to prevent such attacks happening again. The USA has not suffered invasions because it is bounded by large oceans east and west, and by powerless, peaceful nations north and south. Russia has no protective natural barriers, and has had aggressive neighbors on three sides. Although they may forget or deny this history, Turks, Poles, Swedes, French, Germans, British, Italians, Romanians and Japanese have each invaded Russia more than once. For example, in the early 1600s, Poland twice invaded Russia when its government was in disarray. Russians of all social classes united in popular uprising and saved the nation. In 1613, the Romanov Tsar instituted a holiday called “Day of Moscow’s Liberation from Polish Invaders” which is now celebrated every November 4 as “Unity Day”. In the early 1700s, Sweden invaded Russia with 40,000 troops but was defeated by Peter The Great’s use of scorched-earth retreat across vast distances. Although only the Swedish king and 543 soldiers survived, he immediately raised another army of Turks to attack Russia. It is not something unique in the personalities of Tsar Peter or President Putin that drives Russia to require non-threatening neighbors. It is the collective Russian memory of invasion. Each era of history has had its military super-power, and each super-power in turn attacked Russia: *The Mongol Super Power:* The Mongol Empire was the largest in history, conquering the Chinese Empire and Persian Empire. In 1238, the Mongols crossed the Volga River with 35,000 mounted archers backed by 70,000 Turks including Chinese siege equipment for attacking walled cities. They conquered most Russian regions as well as Crimea. In 1240, the Mongols captured Kiev and killed most of its 50,000 inhabitants. An estimated 500,000 Kievan Rus (Russians, Ukrainians and Byelorussians) died during the Mongol invasion. For several centuries afterwards, regional Khans continued attacking Russia. For example, in 1382, the Golden Horde sieged Moscow, slaughtered 24,000 Muscovites, and took thousands of captives. *The Ottoman Super Power:* At the height of its power in the 1600s, the Ottoman Empire controlled half of the Mediterranean world and all of the Black Sea and Red Sea regions. The Crimean Tatars supplied the Ottoman slave trade by “harvesting the steppe”, taking an estimated 2 million captives between 1500 and 1700. For example, in 1571, a combined Crimean and Ottoman force of 120,000 invaded Russia, burned Moscow, killed an estimated 80,000 Russians, and took 150,000 captives to slave markets in the Crimea. Historians count more than 50 Tatar attacks. The last “harvest” of Russians was in 1769. In the 7th Russo-Turkish War, Russians conquered Crimea and finally freed themselves from Tatar attacks and slavery. In 1783, Russia annexed Crimea. This is the same time in history that the American colonies finally freed themselves from oppressive British taxation. *The Napoleonic Super Power:* Napoleon harnessed the passionate ideals of the French Revolution to coercive diplomacy and to new military tactics of massed armies and mobile artillery and was thus invincible in conquering Continental Europe in only 9 years. In 1812, Napoleon assembled the largest army Europe had ever seen, comprised of an estimated 600,000 troops, including 98,000 from Poland. Although Napoleon won battles at Vilnius, Smolensk and Borodino, the Russian strategy of scorched-earth retreat across vast distances, including the evacuation and burning of Moscow, starved and demoralized the invading army. Relatively few survived the winter retreat from Moscow. Russian deaths are estimated to have been 150,000 – 400,000 soldiers and as many civilian. *The Nazi Super Power:* Hitler harnessed the passionate ideals of fascism to coercive diplomacy and to new military tactics of blitzkrieg and was thus invincible in conquering Continental Europe in only 2 years. In 1941, Hitler assembled the largest army Europe had ever seen, comprised of an estimated 3.2 million German soldiers and about 500,000 from Italy and Romania. Although Hitler conquered vast stretches of territory, he failed to capture Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad or the Caspian Oil Fields. Soviet deaths were an estimated 8 – 13 million soldiers and as many as 20 million civilians. For example, 200,000 soldiers and 1.2 million civilians died in the Siege of Leningrad. In contrast, total US deaths during WWII were 418,000 military and fewer than 2,000 civilians. *The US Super Power:* The US has harnessed the passionate ideals of democracy to coercive diplomacy and to new tactics of covert operations, advanced weapons technology and economic warfare to achieve what it calls, “full spectrum dominance”. Considering its own immense military resources and those of the other 27 NATO nations it controls, plus the resources of its Asian allies of Australia, New Zealand, Japan and South Korea, the US commands the greatest military might the world has ever seen. As with past super-powers, the US and its NATO allies seem to be setting their sights on Russia. Perhaps Cold War history causes them to confuse Russia with the USSR and its many atrocities under the dictatorships of Stalin (native Georgian) and Khrushchev (native Ukrainian). Or perhaps racist perceptions of Russians as “untermensch” (a person considered racially or socially inferior) are still active in Western minds. Or maybe the vast resources of Russia are too attractive to leave untaken. President Gorbachev allowed the re-unification of Germany based on promises from President Bush and Chancellor Kohl that NATO would not expand eastwards, and then NATO did exactly that, even inviting Ukraine and Georgia to prepare for NATO membership. Georgia is closer to India than it is to the North Atlantic; all the while the US has been determined to install anti-missile systems in Poland, purportedly to shoot down non-existent Iranian ICBMs, but suspiciously capable of nullifying Russia’s nuclear deterrence. Recent telephone intercepts show that US State Department officials (Victoria Nuland and Geoffrey Pyatt) selected an anti-Russian replacement government for the Ukraine when the elected, constitutional government was still in power. Then chaos in Kiev caused by unidentified snipers resulted in the elected Ukrainian government collapsing. As per US planning, the selected anti-Russian replacement government took power in Kiev and was quickly declared legitimate by NATO nations. It is easy to see why Russia would perceive these events as another super-power preparing to attack Russia. It is perfectly predictable that Russia would react in ways to defends itself, no matter what the costs. It is mental manipulation by historical trigger-words to claim that Putin is “Hitler”, or that Stalin’s “Red Army” again threatens Europe. Because Americans know nothing of Russian history and have no national experience of foreign invasion, they cannot escape the confines of their own Cold War rhetoric. They cannot imagine history seen from a Russian perspective. Europeans, however, know the horror of war on their own territory, and well remember their own history of attacking Russia. European nations know how many times they’ve teamed up to attack Russia, and know it never worked out well; and probably will not this time either. In this crisis, it is the European nations who need to stand up and shake the super-power awake before an incident turns into a conventional war, turns into a missile war and then turns into a nuclear war. Those transitions could take 30 minutes. At this moment in human history, the world community has more pressing priorities than re-enacting our historical nightmares.
*Floyd Rudmin is a Professor of Social and Community Psychology at the University of Tromsø in Arctic Norway.*
Minister of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Malam Muhammad Musa Bello has expressed concern over the resurgence of kidnapping and other crimes, especially in satellite towns around the city centre.
The Minister, who spoke at the monthly security meeting yesterday, February 24, asked the security agencies to improve the security situation in the Territory against serious crimes, especially in the satellite towns where the activities of criminals, especially kidnappers have become a serious source for concern in recent times.
He also charged them to work hard to rid the city of miscreants who harass residents and carry out criminal activities within residential areas.
Muhammad Musa Bello promised them of all the necessary support in the discharge of their responsibilities of ridding the FCT of violent crimes and criminality.
“There is an urgent need for our security agencies to improve on the implementation of the strategies being deployed in tackling the security situation in the Federal Capital Territory.”
The Minister acknowledged moves by the Area Council Chairmen to embark on serious community Policing, which has been the Government policy to help in information gathering and overall security.
The Minister, who commended the residents for the successful area council elections, advised them to take extra caution to prevent fire outbreaks in their places of residences and businesses.
They were reminded that fire outbreaks are more likely to occur during the dry harmattan season and that they should follow all fire prevention measures.
The security meeting was attended by the heads of the various military and paramilitary agencies in the FCT, community, religious and traditional leaders as well as senior officials of the FCTA.
Senate President, Ahmed Lawal has said that the National Assembly is eagerly waiting for the Presidency to forward the section of the new Electoral Bill which President Muhammadu Buhari wanted to be amended, when he signed the Bill today, February 25.
Senator Ahmed, who spoke to newsmen today, February 25 shortly after the Presidential assent to the Bill in the Aso Villa, Abuja described the request for amendment to the Bill by the President as “legitimate.”
“And that is why I commend the president. I will commend him for so many things, but let me also qualify it that even though he had a disagreement with the section, especially clause 84(12) that talks about public political office holders, he still went ahead to sign the bill into law. That is to show his commitment and desire to have an electoral law that will ensure that we have better outcomes when we do election.
“So, we will look at what he is asking and I hope that they will send the request for the amendment in good time, because time is of essence. INEC is waiting. We don’t want to spill over some of these dates unnecessarily.
“We will be expecting a communication from Mr. President with respect to this and then the National Assembly in both chambers will look into the request for amendment.
“On the whole, I think this is a wonderful development for this administration, for Nigeria, for the evolution and development and growth of democracy in Nigeria.”
The Senate President said that today marked the most important part of this exercise, adding that for them in the ninth National Assembly, this is a fulfillment of one of their cardinal objectives in the legislative agendas in the two chambers.
“And of course, for the administration, this is one very important piece of legislation that this administration will work with Nigerians, especially when it comes to the electoral environment, where we always feel that we must improve on what we have met.
“And by the time we leave, the electoral climate must be better in terms of integrity, in terms of transparency, and ensuring that every vote counts.”
He said that the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), now has what it need to produce the best possible electoral exercise, right from the Ekiti and Osun offseason elections up to the 2013 general elections.
The Senate President feared however that law is one thing while respect for the law is another.
He said that no matter how beautiful a law is, if there is no desire, no commitment, and no obligation, to ensure compliance with law, “the law could be less effective and efficient. So I believe that we need to respect the law.
” Now that we have an improvement over what we had in the previous years.”
President Muhammadu Buhari has detected a provision in the new Electoral Act (Amendment) Bill 2022, which he said constitutes fundamental defect, as it is in conflict with extant constitutional provisions. Assenting to the Bill today, February 25 after weeks of uncertainties around it, President Buhari stressed the need for the lawmakers to amend section 84 (12), saying that it contravenes the rights of political office holders to vote, or be voted for in political party conventions and congresses. “Distinguished Senators and Honourable Members of the National Assembly, from the review, it is my perspective that the substance of the Bill is both reformative and progressive. I am making this bold declaration because I foresee the great potentials of the Bill.
“Worthy of note include the democratic efficacy of the Bill with particular reference to sections 3, 9(2), 34, 41, 47, 84(9), (10) and (11) among others. “This, however, cannot be said about one provision as contained in the proposed Bill, which provision constitutes fundamental defect, as it is in conflict with extant constitutional provisions. “Section 84 (12) constitutes a disenfranchisement of serving political office holders from voting or being voted for at Conventions or Congresses of any political party, for the purpose of the nomination of candidates for any election in cases where it holds earlier than 30 days to the National Election.” Buhari specifically quoted the unpleasant section 84 (12): “No political appointee at any level shall be voting delegate or be voted for at the Convention or Congress of any political party for the purpose of the nomination of candidates for any election,” The President noted that the section has introduced qualification and disqualification criteria that ultra vires the Constitution by way of importing blanket restriction and disqualification to serving political office holders of which they are constitutionally accorded protection. “The practical application of section 84 (12) of the Electoral Bill, 2022 will, if assented to, by operation of law, subject serving political office holders to inhibitions and restrictions referred to under section 40 and 42 of the 1999 Constitution as amended. “It is imperative to note that the only constitutional expectation placed on serving political office holders that qualify, by extension as public officers within the context of the constitution is resignation, withdrawal or retirement at least 30 days before the date of the election. “Hence, it will be stretching things beyond the constitutional limit to import extraneous restriction into the constitution on account of practical application of section 84(12) of the bill where political parties’ conventions and congresses were to hold earlier than 30 days to the election. “Arising from the foregoing, with particular regards to the benefits of the Bill, industry, time, resources and energy committed in its passage, I hereby assent to the Bill and request the Nationally Assembly consider immediate amendments that will bring the Bill in tune with constitutionality by way of deleting section 84(12) accordingly.’’ President Buhari however, commended the National Assembly for their commitment and dedication to improving the previous Electoral Bill 2021. “It is gratifying to note that the current Bill comes with a great deal of improvement from the previous Electoral Bill 2021. There are salient and praiseworthy provisions that could positively revolutionize elections in Nigeria through the introduction of new technological innovations. “These innovations would guarantee the constitutional rights of citizens to vote and to do so effectively. “The Bill would also improve and engender clarity, effectiveness and transparency of the election process, as well as reduce to the barest minimum incidences of acrimony arising from dissatisfied candidates and political parties. “These commendable efforts are in line with our policy to bequeath posterity and landmark legal framework that paves the way for credible and sound electoral process that we would all be proud of.” The President said that he received inputs from relevant Ministries, Departments and Agencies of government, after careful and thorough reviews of the Bill and its implications to democratic processes, before signing The Electoral Act (Amendment) Bill 2022 into law. President Buhari said that the National Assembly forwarded the Electoral Bill for Presidential Assent, via a letter dated 31st January, 2022.
President Muhammadu Buhari has made it clear that having swore with the Holy Qur’an to uphold the provisions of the Nigerian Constitution, including the tenure of office, he would quit the stage in 2023 after his second term in office.
He also asked leaders who take the oath of office, swearing with the Holy Book, to be careful not to abuse the trust of leadership placed on them by the people and God.
Buhari, who spoke today, February 24 in Lafia, capital of Nasarawa State, on a courtesy visit to the palace of Emir of Lafia, retired Justice Sidi Bage Muhammad 1 , emphasized that he has no intention whatsoever to stay beyond the constitutionally recognised two terms of office as leader of Nigeria.
”The traditional ruler is on a terminal appointment. Constitutionally, we (elected public office holders) are not. I cannot go beyond two terms and I have sworn by the Holy Quran that I will uphold the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
Politics apart, whenever we are made to swear by the Holy Quran, we have to be very careful. We must make sure that we do not abuse the trust God has given us as leaders.
”I have seen former Governors here and I am looking forward to also becoming a former President.”
President Buhari thanked the people of Nasarawa State for a rousing welcome, expressing delight that the North-Central State is wearing a new look since his last visit in 2019.
He congratulated the immediate past Governor and Senator representing Nasarawa South Senatorial District, Umaru Tanko Al-Makura and the incumbent, Governor Abdullahi Sule for the laudable initiatives and accomplishments in the State.
Welcoming the President to the over 200-year old palace,
The Emir of Lafia, who received the President in his palace, thanked him for ending the problem of insufficient power to Nasarawa State with the provision of 330kVA sub-station.
The Emir, who is also the Chairman, Nasarawa State Council of Chiefs, told the President that the provision of the electricity plant ”has taken out 80 percent of our problem.
”Our people have never had it so good. Our people are back to their normal life as entrepreneurs, ” he said, adding that the Federal Government projects that were ”standing as ghosts” in the state in the past have now become a reality.
The Emir who is a retired jurist, listed the newly inaugurated CBN Building in Lafia, the Federal Secretariat, UBEC Smart School and completed Ecological projects, just to mention but a few.
On arrival in the capital for his 2-day State Visit to Nasarawa, President Buhari inaugurated the Lafia Airport, Vocational and Skills Acquisition Centre, Modern Bus Terminal and the Shinge-Barkini Abdullahi-Kilema road, executed by the State Government.
He also inaugurated CBN Lafia Branch building and a 330kva Akurba Transmission Substation executed by the Federal Government through the Niger Delta Power Holding Company (NDPHC) to boost power supply in the state and its environs.
The Federation Accounts Allocation Committee (FAAC) has shared a total of N574.668 billion January 2022 Federation Account Revenue to the Federal, States and Local Governments.
A communiqué issued at the end of a virtual of FAAC meeting today, February 24, said that the N574.668 billion total distributable revenue comprised distributable statutory revenue of N291.400 billion; distributable Value Added Tax (VAT) revenue of N178.066 billion and Exchange Gain of N5.202 billion and Non Mineral Revenue of N100.000 billion.
It said that in January 2022, the total deductions for cost of collection was N25.421billion and the total deductions for statutory transfers, refunds and savings was N92.767 billion. The balance in the Excess Crude Account (ECA) was $35.368 million.
The communiqué confirmed that from the total distributable revenue of N574.668 billion the Federal Government received N204.580 billion, the State Governments received N179.251 billion and the Local Government Councils received N131.878 billion and that a total of N58.959 billion was shared to the relevant States as 13% derivation revenue.
The distributable statutory revenue of N291.400 billion was available for the month. From this, the Federal Government received N122.749 billion, the State Governments received N62.260 billion and the Local Government Councils received N48.000 billion. The sum of N58.391billion was shared to the relevant States as 13% derivation revenue.
It said that in January 2022, the gross revenue available from the Value Added Tax (VAT) was N191.222 billion.
This was lower than the N201.255 billion available in the month of December 2021 by N10.033 billion.
The sum of N5.507 billion allocation to NEDC and N7.649 billion cost of collection were deducted from the N191.222 billion gross Value Added Tax (VAT) revenue, resulting in the distributable Value Added Tax (VAT) revenue of N178.066 billion.
From the N178.066 billion distributable Value Added Tax (VAT) revenue, the Federal Government received N26.710 billion, the State Governments received N89.033 billion and the Local Government Councils received N62.323 billion.
The Federal Government received N2.441 billion from the total Exchange Gain revenue of N5.202 billion. The State Governments received N1.238 billion, the Local Government Councils received N0.955 billion and N0.568 billion was shared to the relevant States as 13% derivation revenue.
The Federal Government received N52.680 billion, the State Governments received N26.720 billion and Local Government Councils received N20.600 billion from the N100.000 billion None Mineral Revenue.
According to the Communiqué, in January, Companies Income Tax (CIT), Petroleum Profit Tax (PPT) and Oil and Gas Royalties decreased significantly while Value Added Tax (VAT), Import and Excise Duties decreased marginally.
The Kaduna State Governor, Malam Nasir Ahmed El-Rufai has confessed that it was President Muhammadu Buhari that forced him to contest the governorship election in the state in the first place.
Justifying the fact that he has never lobbied for any position in life, El-Rufai stressed that he has a zero ambition.
“I just want to finish this job (as governor) and get on with my private life, write another book.”
Speaking to newsmen today, February 14 in Abuja, the governor said: “it was President Buhari that literally forced me to run.
“I wasn’t interested in it. I just wanted us to defeat (Goodluck) Jonathan and enjoy myself as one special adviser on domestic affairs. So that any time they are flying to New York, I’m there. “That is the life (I wished) and not having gray hairs.
“The President insisted that some of us must go and run for governorship, just in case he did not get elected again. He felt that, you know, we needed some strong governors. Those were the words he used.
“So I was forced into this.”
Governor El-Rufai said that he also had never desired to be minister of FCT until President Obasanjp just called him and said he had appointed him.
“I have never wanted to be Director General of BPE. I was called and given. That’s it. So I have zero ambitions. I have no aspirations.
“I never in my life, based on my humble background, thought I would even enter this building (Aso Rock Villa); ever in my life.
“How would I ever enter where the President’s office is? So for me, even being here is a privilege if you know my background and God has been very kind to me.
“And my outings in public service have all been satisfactory and why (would I) push my luck and go for a job with a 90 percent chance of failure?
“So I’m not, you know, an ambitious person. I’m just a person that gets things done when given the opportunity. And that’s why, you know, I’ve never lobbied for a job.”
He said that the largest amount of money he had ever made in my life was from writing a book titled “Accidental Public Servant”, saying that it is still selling now.
El-Rufai said that if he dies today, he would be happy and thank God as an accomplished person.
Governor Ahmed El-Rufai of Kaduna State has made it clear that he is more worried about who will succeed him at the end of his second term of eight years in office than who will be President from 2023.
Answering reporters’ questions at the Presidential villa, Abuja today, February 24, Governor El-Rufai said: “it is something that keeps me awake at night.
“I’m more worried about succession in Kaduna than I am about the next President of Nigeria.
“On our part as a party, my hope is that our members will vote for someone from within our team to continue to build where we let off, correct some of our errors and go forward. That’s my hope.”
The Governor admitted that he has some preferences for who will succeed him.
“Of course, I have worked with people for 7, 8 years. Some of them I have worked with for 20 years, I know them very well. I can guarantee that they will do this, they will do that. But at the end of the day, it’s up to the people of Kaduna State, if they buy my arguments.
“I’m unlikely to come out and anoint one person. I will keep my team in the room and try to get them to agree to a successor.
“But other than pray a lot and seek for God to choose for the people of Kaduna what is best for them, not necessarily what I want.”
The interview is reproduced verbatim hereunder:
Q: You have enlightened us on so many good things you’ve done in Kaduna state. Do you have a specific plan in place to ensure that soon after your second term in office, you have somebody or someone who would ensure these good things you have done remain as you end your regime?
Ans: he first question on succession and continuity. I wish there was an answer to that question. I wish there is a silver bullet. My hope is that the voters in Kaduna will first appreciate the difference between our eight years and the previous 16 years and vote for the APC again. The second thing is my hope is that one of the members of our current team, someone that has been part of this last seven years and knows the method behind madness okay, because everything that we’ve done, we fought through, we debated before implementing them. And if an outsider comes, it is very easy to see and persuade that outsider to take a different course. I’ve seen that happen in FCT, where some of the things that we put in place were reversed by my immediate successor because he is a complete outsider, he didn’t know what was done. If someone within the FCT system that had worked with us the previous years had succeeded me as Minister for instance, there would have been some degree of continuity because there would be no debates about sacking teachers that are not qualified for instance.
If the people of Kaduna state vote back that other party, those thugs that we sacked will come back as teachers. There is nothing I can do about that. But my hope is that, as we saw in 2019, the people of Kaduna are smart enough, they have seen the difference between the two parties and governance styles and they will make the right decision.
On our part as a party, my hope is that our members will vote for someone from within our team to continue to build where we left off, correct some of our errors and go forward. That’s my hope. But it is something that keeps me awake at night. I’m more worried about succession in Kaduna than I am about the next President of Nigeria. But other than pray a lot and seek for God to choose for the people of Kaduna what is best for them, not necessarily what I want.
I have some preferences for who will succeed me. Of course, I’ve worked with people for 7, 8 years, some of them I’ve worked with for 20 years, I know them very well, I can guarantee that they will do this, they will do that. But at the end of the day, it’s up to the people of Kaduna State, if they buy my arguments. I’m unlikely to come out and anoint one person. I will keep my team in the room and try to get them to agree to a successor. If they are able to agree then it’s easy to go out, this is our man, this is the person that was part of everything and he’s likely to continue to build on where we are, so support him. It will be easier to talk to the party leadership and membership to say this is the one that we all agreed of all the aspirants.
But you know, in politics, everybody thinks he can win so, it is not likely that you can convince people to agree on this and I will not force anyone. So, see how the selection process goes but you are right, it’s a major issue. But what can we do about it?
You just do your best and leave the rest to God.
Q: We also know that the security situation in some parts of the state seem to have defied solutions. What are you doing, apart from the kinetic measures that have been taken, what practical steps are you taking to ensure that these things come to an end?
Ans: On security, you know, one of the slides shows some of the non-kinetic measures we took to establish the Kaduna Peace Commission. We have the House of Kaduna Family. We have regular Security Council meetings. We are forming farmers/herders reconciliation committees at all local governments so that when there is any issue between farmers and herders, they will go in and be the first line of resolution and so on. But some of the insecurity challenges that have endured have more to do with ethnic or religious intolerance. This banditry is a new phenomenon.
The one that Kaduna has been famous for is ethno religious crisis. We have managed to contain that to a large extent and I think people are learning to live together. The ethnic enclaves, particularly in Kaduna, we have resolved it. You know, Muslims and Christians live together now because everyone feels safe enough. It will take a long time, but I think we’re moving in the right direction. I think the key issue is for people to understand that every Nigerian has the right to live anywhere in Nigeria that he or she chooses. You don’t have to agree with him, but so long as he is law abiding, you should let him be and there is beauty in diversity. The most advanced countries in the world are those that are the most diverse, there is beauty in that. There is beauty in size, Nigeria is better, bigger together. So, it’s something that we have to keep working on, we have done our bit, we hope those that come after us will do theirs.
Q: You outlined efforts of your government in collaboration with federal armed forces to tackle issues of banditry and kidnapping in your state and in collaboration with Northwest states. Do you see the situation in the Northwest as more violent than the insurgency in the Northeast and if that is correct, why do you think this is so?
And: I am persuaded that the insurgency in the Northwest is far more lethal, far more serious than Boko Haram, both in terms of the numbers of people affected. In the reported cases, while 937 were killed and
1,972 kidnapped by bandits in the state in 2020, a total of 1,192 killed and 3,348 kidnapped in 2021, suggesting a deterioration in the situation. As you can see this is just Kaduna numbers, in one or two years. I can assure you the numbers in Zamfara and Katsina are two to three times this if they are keeping tabs. The numbers in Sokoto, Niger and Kebbi will be about this. So, we are talking of tens of thousands of people getting killed, getting kidnapped, is far more serious than Boko Haram. The only thing is that these guys don’t take territories. They are in the forests, ungoverned spaces. So, they do not attract the same kind of single-minded attention that Boko Haram does and because Boko Haram’s ideologies is religious or contentiously religious, you know, it elicits more passion. But really, this is a far more serious problem because this is largely a situation in which people of about the same ethnicity, about the same religion, you know, killing each other, stealing each other’s property, creating an industry out of criminality. It’s very serious and it requires single-minded attention. And I have told you, and I’ll come to that, you know, as I said, which will lead you to the next question.
Q: The concern is the economy of the banditry. You mentioned that you know the bandits, you know where they are, you intercept their communication. The millions of Naira being collected as ransom taken to bushes and the forests, are you tracking them? And if you are tracking them, have you arrested those behind those who are operating at the strategic level of banditry. Not the Fulanis in the bush, but the custodian of the millions of Naira?
Ans: Yes, we know where these bandits are, we have the maps, we have their camps, but somebody has to go in and kill them. I can’t do that. Now, if that somebody doesn’t have enough men, doesn’t have enough firepower, doesn’t have technology, no one is going to commit suicide. This is why, under this administration, the Nigerian Governors’ Forum collaborated with the federal government to take money from the Excess Crude Account to buy the Super Tucanos and other armaments to help strengthen our defense infrastructure, we have to continue to do that.
Secondly, how many men and women do we have in the armed forces and the police and look at how stressed they are? The last time I checked, the Nigerian army is engaged in internal security operations in 32 states. So how many people can you spare at a time to go into these forests, these are the issues. Of course, you cannot double the size of the armed forces and police overnight, it requires selection, training and so on, but you can invest in superior armaments and technology, which can bridge that deficit and that requires a lot of money.
There is also another constraint; the fact that these guys are just disorganized groups, so you cannot call them insurgents until the Federal High Court, on the application of the Attorney-General, looked at all the facts and said these guys are terrorists. Until that declaration was made, any military action against them could be considered a crime against humanity and while we’re waiting for that, these guys have strengthened, they have collected a lot of money, they have done this, they have done that. So, we are facing a massive monster that has been financially oiled and the arms are there from the collapse of Libya and they are coming in, some of them (arms) superior to what our police and armed forces have.
So, there’s a lot of work that needs to be done. Intelligence is the first step, we have that, but now we must have the capability to be able to go in and wipe out these guys. And we should not do so if it will mean putting our soldiers and our policemen at risk. One of the new phenomena that was observed in the last month or two is planting of land mines. This one is Boko Haram, it’s not bandits. We lost five soldiers in an APC (Armed Personnel Carrier) that you got on the mine. Last week, a cow stepped on a mine and died. Luckily no one was killed. So, it’s a complex problem and it requires a coordinated solution, but the solution is on the table and our hope is that this will be implemented very quickly.
Q: Follow up, you said you have invested in technology and you know where these people are and also said you listen to the conversation of some of these people. Why is it difficult to have unanimity of purpose? You said you are ready to eliminate these people, but why is it that the stakeholders have not come together to actually pursue this strategy you are making that they should eliminate these people since you know where they are to avoid conspiracy theories?
Ans: A lot of work was done to track the financing of Boko Haram and their supply chain. Part of the reason why they have been surrendering in droves was because the financing has been cut off and their logistics chain was disrupted, thanks to the government of the United Arab Emirates that caught some people sending money from there to here, that was linked to Boko Haram and then our own intelligence agency here did a very good work.
I was shocked to learn that one of the leading financiers of Boko Haram lived in Zaria, Kaduna State. I was shocked and when I saw the amount of money that went through his account, I said how come I didn’t know this, I would have taxed the man. So, it was an excellent job done by the Nigerian security agencies, it was mostly military intelligence that did it and I think a similar exercise needs to be launched for the bandits because the report of the Boko Haram has also shown some links to some of the bandit leaders and even some military or police officers.
So, that needs to be done and we have already made the case to the federal government to ensure that that is done because if we can cut out the finance and the supply chain, you are right nobody will take N200 million and keep it in the forest, it’s in the towns and we have to find that and we have to do something about it. Once we can cut off the financing and seize the monies that they have accumulated and disrupt their logistics supply chain, 50% of the job is done. That’s why Boko Haram people were surrendering, it’s not that they are repentant, they are starving, no food, no money.
Q: Are you also concerned about infiltrators and moles within the security agencies that might be disempowering your efforts. If you were the President of Nigeria, and I need you to confirm this actually if you have the intentions.
Ans: If I am concerned that there are infiltrators? Yes, we are concerned and it is impossible to have infiltrators. As I alluded to when I was answering this question, the preliminary report of the Boko Haram financing also showed some links to bandits and pointed to some police and military officers in service as having some communication or connection with the bandits. Okay. So there’s always that risk in any system you have traitors. And they’re concerned about that. But till date, we don’t have any firm evidence of that. I think a lot more work needs to be done. As I said, we need to pursue the financing, and logistics chain of the banditry as well because the amount of money this bandits are making is enough to stabilize this country. It is a lot of money.
We only have an idea of what it is because those that made the payment don’t tell us the truth all the time. But we hear from the legal intercepts of the conversations about how much money they are asking you for, how much they have received and so on. The numbers are mind boggling. It’s a major source of national insecurity. And it will grow unless it is decisively dealt with. So yeah, I am concerned.
Now, you said if I were the President what would I do? First I’m not President, I’ve not thought about being President and I have privileged access to this President. So if there is anything that I think the President should do I would have told Mr. President. So, I will not tell you what I told him that needs to be done. Because my discussion with the president is privileged, unless he says that he wants to disclose it, but we have discussed what needs to be done and I am assured that is going to be done. That’s all I can say.
Q: The question has to do with your political ambition after working as governor of Kaduna State. There is this rumour that you are likely to work with somebody from Southwest as Vice President. Can you please confirm?
Ans: You said you want to know about my ambition. I have zero ambition. I just want to finish this job and get on with my private life, write another book. The largest amount of money I ever got in my life was from writing Accidental Public Servant and its still selling.
I have no ambition. I’ve never had any ambition and if I die today I am quite accomplished and happy. Because I never in my life, based on my humble background ever thought I would even enter this building (Aso Rock Villa) ever in my life. How would I ever enter where the President’s office is? So for me even being here is a privilege if you know my background and God has been very kind to me. And my outings in public service have all been satisfactory and why push my luck and go for a job with a 90% chance of failure?
So I’m not, you know, an ambitious person. I’m just a person that gets things done when given the opportunity. And that’s why, you know, I’ve never lobbied for a job. I’ve never desired even this governorship. It was President Buhari that literally forced me to run. I wasn’t interested in it. I just wanted us to defeat Jonathan and enjoy myself as one special adviser on domestic affairs. So that any time they are flying to New York, I’m there. That is the life and not having gray hairs. But you know, the President insisted that some of us must go run for governorship. Just in case he did not get elected again. He felt that, you know, we needed some strong governors, those were the words he used. So I was forced into this. I’ve never desired to be minister of FCT until President Obasanjp just called me and said I am appointing you. I’ve never wanted to be DG BPE, I was called and given. That’s it. So I have zero ambitions. I have no aspirations.
Q: Two days ago, in this same hall, you spoke about APC politics. Specifically, you mentioned the disagreement between the governors of APC prior to that day, and shortly after, we heard information about the zoning arrangement of the APC. And with the look at things the president will likely come from the south in 2023. As governor of Kaduna state, and the critical stakeholder in APC are you likely to support your southwest candidate for presidency?
And: I want to clarify that the APCs zoning arrangement that we announced is the zoning amendment to the party. Okay, and we always did that, in the last three elections we have had. When we elected Chief John Oyegun as Chairman, we had this zoning arrangement, each zone you will have these petitions and so far six zones. And we carried that to the time when Adams Oshiomhole assumed office as chairman. All we did now is to flip it. Since the chairman is going to be from North Central, it means that north central will take all the positions of south south. If you check, you will see all the positions allocated to North Central were positions held by South South under Oyegun and under Oshiomhole. Now, all the positions held by Northwest went to the south east and vice versa. All the positions held by Northeast went to southwest and vice versa. That’s why Southwest will now produce the national secretary.
The National Secretary under Oyegun and Oshiomhole was Mai Bala Buni. So that all we did. We are not talking about the presidency yet. When we do this convention to elect national officers, then we start preparing for the primaries that we produce our candidates for House of Assembly, House of Reps, Senate and the Presidency. That is when that conversation will take place. What we have done with the zoning presented to Mr. President on Tuesday, which he has approved, is sending a signal about the direction of the party, it is not zoning any presidency to anyone yet. But we’ve sent a signal Okay.
And you asked me if I would support a Southwest candidate? I will support any APC candidate if I’m satisfied he will do the best for Nigeria. I will. It doesn’t matter where he’s from Southwest, Southeast south south. APC is what matters and the quality of the person. And the discussion we are having is that the presidency is zoned to the South. It is not zoned to any particular place in the south, the South will have the first go at it but we’re waiting to see who the aspirants are. A few people have declared their interest. As for me personally, all I can tell you is unless in an exceptional situation, once President Buhari tells me this is the one I want to be my successor, that’s where I am going because I trust his judgement.
Now if I agree, I will go into a room and tell him. We have done that a few times and he knows. I will tell him sir, this is not right and these are my reasons. But if he still says yes, I have heard you, Nasir. That’s what I want, okay I will do it.
Q: Your four days a week work policy, what are the benefits and the challenges?
Ans: As you know, Kaduna state, in spite of us governance reforms, introduced the four-day work week. We work from Mondays to Thursdays. Our weekend starts today, Thursday. Tomorrow, nobody goes to work in the Kaduna State public service unless you want to. Personally, I use Friday as my catch up day, I go to the office. But I don’t take visitors. I just use it to catch up on paperwork, read long memos, and so on. And we usually have our executive council meetings on mondays. The memos go out on Thursday, so you have time to read.
Q: What are the benefits? Ans: The benefits are that people rest more, they have more family time, they have more leisure time and they spend more money is better for the economy. For those that are interested in doing a side business like farming, you have more time.
The challenges that we face, which we have resolved as far as public service is concerned, is the impact on education. But we found that that was the easiest, because schools have classes up to 12.
Anyway, on Fridays, four hours. So we just increased Monday through Thursday, by one hour each so we recovered that. The health sector was the easiest, because the health sector always operated a shift system, 36 hours a week. Where we are having challenges is with the private sector, because of overtime. Because now if you work on Fridays, it is extra pay because it’s overtime. So we have not imposed it on the private sector yet. We are discussing with them to have a transition period of two to three years, but certainly in the public sector we have resolved all the issues. We are drafting the regulations to gazette them and everyone in Kaduna is happy with it. There are some people that try to give it a religious angle to say oh, you know, El-Rufai is doing this because he wants Muslims to have Friday off. But the truth of the matter is Friday has always been half day anyway, most people don’t work more than one or two hours on Friday. So in terms of time, we’re not losing anything in terms of religion, if you say religion, so why have Muslims never complained that Sunday is day off. And when one pastor because we have interactive sessions from time to time on religious harmony and so on. So when one pastor raised that, I told him, you know, you can go to work on Friday, there is no law stopping you but we will stay at home. So these are the benefits and the challenges are all around the private sector. The extra costs to the private sector arising from increased overtime costs. But this has been implemented in many countries, many private companies and they have published the benefits.
When people rest more they are more productive when they come on Monday. They do much more work. And most people are tired by Thursday anyway, I mean let’s be realistic. I don’t know how the people in Lagos survive it, every day four hours in traffic for five days, if Saturday and Sunday are enough for them to rest.
That’s why I think that all those that lived in Lagos for 20 years should just go straight to heaven because they have already lived in hell.
So for us the four day work is working very well. There is no salary cut, nothing. You have an extra day on your hands to catch up. And we are encouraging people to go back to school. We have many universities and polytechnics in Kaduna State. Go and keep educating yourself. So that Friday will help and we have also been using Friday as the training day. When you want to do internal training, seminars and so on.
We do that in Kaduna State Government. I know it is strange to some people, but we do seminars, we do brown bag to share experiences and leadership challenges. So yeah, it is working for us. But these are the challenges and we’re working on them. When we have the full route of regulations, gazetted we’d be happy to share them with you. But we believe that the world is going that direction.
And where did we learn that? It was the experience of COVID-19.
For 15 months, all employees of the Kaduna state government below level 12 were not going to work and they were being paid full salary. And the government was working then we realized that do we even need these people? But it convinced us that we can do more with less. And that coming to the four walls of an office, is not necessarily the only way to work. COVID forced us to recognize that. Luckily, you know, our technological platform as a government was quite advanced. So we were communicating with each other. So this is how the discussions started and then when we realized that Finland was doing it, Denmark, you know, some American companies are doing it, the UK is introducing it. Iceland has done it for years. France, we said why not? Kaduna has always been the outlier, let us try it. We are the guinea pigs.
Q: You said earlier that Nigeria will produce its first steel by a private company, could you give us details on that. How many tonnes would be produced, which of the companies involved in any detail that you can provide please?
Ans: Unfortunately, I cannot answer the question. I don’t have the technical details. I am a leader at the political level if I had come with the commissioner, business, innovation and technology he could have read the numbers for you. All I know is that it is a $600 million investment on 143 hectares of land. And this is what it looks like. What I would like to suggest is we can arrange a visit to the facility before commissioning. So that you can see first hand the facilities and see what Ajaokuta could have been if we didn’t go to the Russians.
Q: Kaduna-Abuja road is quite safe.
Ans:I just gave you a brief of the number of security operations in the north and don’t worry, we will make sure you’re protected on that day. But I think it’s something worth doing because I think it’s a transformational moment for Nigeria’s industrialization and everyone should be proud of it and we should be celebrating more. And we will be happy to arrange for you to go visit and ask them these questions. How much have you invested, how many tones are you producing etc? Because they said they have enough iron ore to last them like 30 years.
Q: Could you please also give us a sense of the financial investment your state has made in terms of insecurity because you said you are paid about N200 million a month or even more. And how much were you refunded by the federal government?
Ans; How much have we spent on security? The last time we calculated in recurrent that is security support to federal agencies and our own vigilance service and so on. We have spent close to N21 billion. But we are talking about seven years. Okay. In terms of capital investment, drones, safe city, radio frequency, GSM Tracker, we bought our own. We don’t rely on the NSA or the DSS, we have ours. We bought all these, the forensic lab, I think by the time we will be done. I don’t know another N10, N12 billion. And how much have we been reimbursed by the federal government? N100 million for the security operation we did in 2016. Look, we’re not talking about reimbursement or anything, but it is what it is if we are going to achieve food security. We continue to invest in this. We don’t count the cost of security, we just want to achieve full human security. That’s what bothers us.
Q: What’s your view on the reluctance of the federal government to name and shame Boko Haram financers? A long time ago we were told that the government is prepared to expose them. We’re still waiting.
On naming and shaming Boko Haram and financiers?
Ans: I’m sure there’s a good reason for it. It’s not about naming and shaming, most of them are in custody, they are going to be tried. And you need to be very careful how much you reveal before putting them on trial. Virtually all of them are in custody I can assure you that. Because the operation included my state so I was being briefed as it was going on. We know the names, we know everything. But what benefit is it? What change is there when they’re already in custody. They will be on trial soon and their trial is likely to be public. So you will know them, but they’re everywhere, including in Lagos and Port Harcourt, all over Nigeria. But I’m sure there is a good reason why Minister Lai Mohammed did not mention their names and the reasons have to do with the fact that they are going to be tried.
Q: In the last seven years or so, we’ve seen all the beautiful work we’ve been able to do in Kaduna state and I know IGR and the federal allocation will not be enough to execute these projects. I’m also aware in the past you have had courses to approach the National Assembly for loans. As we speak, what’s the debt profile of Kaduna State?
Ans: When we came into office, Kaduna was the second most indebted state in Nigeria after Lagos and we are still the second most indebted state not close to Lagos. We have borrowed. Yes. Every state has borrowed. In a time of recession, the only way to sustain growth is through borrowing. The people that are saying that the federal government is borrowing forgot that the previous government enjoyed $100 a barrel oil price, squandered it all and still borrowed and did nothing with it. No infrastructure, no investment, all consumption, private jets, Nigeria had more private jets than any country on the continent. That’s how the money went. Now we have taken over years of infrastructure deficits, years of under investment in human capital. And every year we add eight million babies and 5 million young people join the workforce. How are you going to deal with that?
Just to maintain the levels of unemployment, we must create 5 billion jobs every year. What do you think about that? The only way to do this is to massively invest in infrastructure that would enable investments that would enable investors to come in and put and create those jobs that you need. This is what this government has been doing. It has been borrowing Yes. But you can see the results of the borrowing.Kaduna state government has borrowed under my watch yes to go to kaduna you will see it with your eyes. Before they were borrowing the money, they ended up buying apartments in Dubai. Nothing in Kaduna. Today, property values in Kaduna are rising, people are building everybody wants to have a housing company because rents are rising. There is business activity, there is investment.Why? Because we invested in infrastructure. How much is the debt profile? What are the numbers? I don’t know off the top of my head. If I come with the commissioner of budget and planning he can reel out the numbers of foreign and domestic debt and what is our debt service. Yes we have borrowed but the results are there and the investments are flowing in, and we will be fine by the grace of God.
Q: What is the role of CSOs in the successes recorded by your administration in kaduna in the past six and half years?
Ans: Civil Society Organizations have been major partners, frankly, in Kaduna, in virtually every facet, we try to engage and get input from civil society from our budgeting to our social protection plans. The Open Government Partnership committee, for instance, is co-chaired by someone from the government and so from civil society. For sexual and gender based violence we have engaged actively with civil society. We are the first state to pass the gender protection bill. We actively engaged with them. In fact, with our fiscal responsibility Commission, we have the head of budgets Seun Onigbinde as one of the commissioners of our fiscal responsibility commission. So we have civil society members on certain regulatory bodies of the Kaduna state government. So that they see what we’re doing and they have their inputs. They can be a nuisance sometimes. But the nuisance ones are the ones that are detached from the problem. For instance, a civil society organization that is in Kaduna, knows what we are doing. But you will hear SERAP sitting in Ikeja writing, Kaduna State government must give us this Freedom of information Act. Our Freedom of Information Law says you cannot ask us for information unless you are a resident of Kaduna state. We are only accountable to the people in Kaduna not to you. You can’t sit in Lagos just because you want to impress donors and collect dollars and say you are fighting. You write to me from Ikeja and say you want this from Kaduna. I am not giving, so what are you going to do? No seriously, when civil society engages honestly and they want to be helpful, they want to be partners. There is nothing better than that. But when they want to get headlines, or donor money, they can be disruptive. But we’ve not had that experience in Kaduna. Because like I said, we know how to deal with the Lagos civil society, newspaper headlines and social media Titans. So I will recommend to everyone to engage very actively with their local civil society organization, they are close to the people, they give an alternative view, they give you a voice that helps make policy better. And we have never regretted it, you know, our partnerships BUDGIT and many other responsible civil society organizations.
In our Peace Commission, for instance, our revenue board we have them because they’re a good idea, a critical eye and someone is reminding me that many of them we brought into the government to help. So yes, you know, civil society is good most of the time.
A renown philanthropist in Okene, Kogi State, Adomu Muhammed Etudaiye has put smiles in the faces of over 100 indigent Senior Secondary school students in the Central Senatorial District, by paying their Senior Secondary Certificate Examinations (SSCE) fees. Speaking in Okene yesterday, February 23, Etudaiye said that the gesture was aimed at complementing the Ebira Youth Congress’s educational development efforts. According to him, the beneficiaries were carefully selected from some public secondary schools in Ebiraland. The philanthropist, who was represented by Hon. Habib Ikunaiye, explained that the beneficiaries are the children of less privileged individuals within Kogi Central who are designated to sit for the examination but could not afford the fees.
He described education as the bedrock of development whose value must not be subordinated under any reason. Etudaiye called on other public-spirited people in Ebiraland to emulate the gesture by investing in education to guarantee bright future for children who are the future leaders. “This is how we can eradicate indolence and encourage diligence among our teeming youths.”
Etudaiye also announced that he has concluded arrangement to establish a Foundation with Educational Endowment Funds that will be specially dedicated to helping indigent students through the provision of scholarships and bursary. He added that emphasis would be placed on those studying professional courses like medicine, law, engineering and agriculture among others. The philanthropist lauded the efforts of the Ebira Youth Congress in the promotion of education. The President General of Ebira Youths Congress confirmed this development and reported that the over 100 students were selected from 28 secondary schools in Kogi central Senatorial District. The fund is being disbursed by Ebira Youth Congress, a body that is committed to catering for the educational needs of Ebira Youths. For transparency purposes, the managers of the funds have engaged SSCE Registration Agents to authenticate students identities through CASS process.
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Minister of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Malam Muhammad Musa Bello has expressed concern over the resurgence of kidnapping and other crimes, especially in satellite towns around the city centre.
President Muhammadu Buhari has made it clear that having swore with the Holy Qur’an to uphold the provisions of the Nigerian Constitution, including the tenure of office, he would quit the stage in 2023 after his second term in office.
The Federation Accounts Allocation Committee (FAAC) has shared a total of N574.668 billion January 2022 Federation Account Revenue to the Federal, States and Local Governments.
The Kaduna State Governor, Malam Nasir Ahmed El-Rufai has confessed that it was President Muhammadu Buhari that forced him to contest the governorship election in the state in the first place.
Governor Ahmed El-Rufai of Kaduna State has made it clear that he is more worried about who will succeed him at the end of his second term of eight years in office than who will be President from 2023.
Russia-Ukraine crisis….A Historical Perspective: By Floyd Rudmin
Events in Ukraine are moving fast and faster. Dangers of economic paralysis in Ukraine and of wider war with Russia are very real. This essay will argue that we all need to notice our historical biases in perceiving and misperceiving events.
My own bias is anti-war. Now is not the time in human history for geopolitical power plays and military alliances. Now is the time for coordinated international actions on climate and economy.
I am a Professor of Social and Community Psychology at the University of Tromsø in Arctic Norway, near the Russian border. I have no special knowledge of Russia other than conventional sources (Google Scholar, Wikipedia, JSTOR). My surname is Lithuanian, from my grandfather’s emigration in 1897 when Lithuania was controlled by Russia.
James Joyce’s famous statement that “history is a nightmare” from which we should try to awake, aptly describes current events in the Ukraine.
All nations involved in these events are biased by the remembered, misremembered, forgotten, and mythologized history they carry in their heads. Chaos in Maidan Square, neo-fascists in positions of power in Kiev, Russia annexing Crimea, these are inkblots that everyone sees differently depending on the historical visions that dominate their minds.
Our national memories have the passion and power to drive us blindly to hatred and to war. The histories we believe set us up for easy manipulations and disastrous actions.
Hillary Clinton, on March 5, said that Putin’s concern for Russians in Ukraine is like Hitler’s concern for Germans in Poland and Czechoslovakia. It is also like Ronald Reagan’s concern for US medical students in Grenada by which he justified his 1983 invasion of that small island nation. Clinton said, “We can learn from this tactic that has been used before.” That is good advice if we consider this tactic of:
a) personifying a nation by its leader’s personal name, and
b) then labelling that leader “Hitler.”
This is a sure way to activate a demon in the American national memory, and to mobilize the United States to again fight evil personified by the new Hitler. John Kerry said Assad is Hitler. John McCain said Castro is Hitler. George Bush said Saddam was Hitler. Donald Rumsfeld said Chavez was Hitler. The list of leaders the US has targeted as Hitler includes Allende (Chile), Noriega (Panama), Ortega (Nicaragua), Milosevic (Serbia), Arafat (Palestine), Gaddafi (Libya), Ahmadinejad (Iran), and Kim (North Korea).
Hitler, in fact, was defeated by the USSR more than by the USA. After the Battle of Stalingrad in February 1943 and the Battle of Kursk in August 1943, Germany had effectively lost WWII. D-Day was a year later, in June 1944. Soviet armies caused more than 90% of total German casualties. Nevertheless, Americans remember that it was they who defeated Hitler.
Americans also “Remember the Alamo”. In 1835, American settlers in the Mexican territory of Texas felt threatened by the government of Santa Anna in Mexico City, which had come to power by coup. In1836, the American settlers in Texas declared independence, and later negotiated annexation by the United States. Thus, Americans can, if they wish, appreciate that Crimeans felt threatened by the government in Kiev, which came to power by a coup d’etat, and that Crimeans also declared independence, and also then negotiated annexation by the nation of their origin. However, unlike Texas, Crimea had previously been part of Russia for 170 years.
Just as the Alamo is an iconic historic site for Americans, so, too, is the Crimean fortress of Sevastopol, an iconic historic site for Russians. Both symbolize steadfast courage and sacrifice in the face of overwhelming force.
The Siege of the Alamo in 1836 lasted 13 days, with 1,500 Mexican soldiers overwhelming 250 Americans who died heroically defending liberty and independence. The first Siege of Sevastopol in 1854, lasted two years, with 175,000 British, French, Turkish, German, Italian, Polish and Swiss soldiers overwhelming 35,000 Russian soldiers heroically defending Russian Crimea.
Americans should remember that they own Alaska only because Russia sold it, in large part, to pay debts incurred defending Crimea from the attacking European alliance. The second Siege of Sevastopol in 1941 lasted one year, with more than 200,000 German, Romanian, Italian and Bulgarian forces overwhelming 106,000 Soviet soldiers heroically defending Russian Crimea.
When, and if, Americans feel emotional remembering the Alamo, they can then begin to imagine the depth of emotion Russians must feel remembering Sevastopol.
America experienced invading foreign forces during its War of Independence in the 1770s, and again on a small scale during the War of 1812. But only two foreign attacks are seared into the American psyche with historic force. One is the Dec 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor which lasted less than 2 hours and killed 2,400 Americans. The other is the Sept 11, 2001 attack on NY City and Washington, DC which lasted less than 3 hours and killed 3,000 victims. Americans’ anger to avenge those attacks is deep and enduring, allowing no limits of cost, no limits of law, to prevent such attacks happening again. Thus, Americans can, if they wish, appreciate Russia’s reactions to being attacked by foreign armies, and can understand why Russia also will allow no limits of cost, no limits of law, to prevent such attacks happening again.
The USA has not suffered invasions because it is bounded by large oceans east and west, and by powerless, peaceful nations north and south. Russia has no protective natural barriers, and has had aggressive neighbors on three sides. Although they may forget or deny this history, Turks, Poles, Swedes, French, Germans, British, Italians, Romanians and Japanese have each invaded Russia more than once. For example, in the early 1600s, Poland twice invaded Russia when its government was in disarray. Russians of all social classes united in popular uprising and saved the nation.
In 1613, the Romanov Tsar instituted a holiday called “Day of Moscow’s Liberation from Polish Invaders” which is now celebrated every November 4 as “Unity Day”. In the early 1700s, Sweden invaded Russia with 40,000 troops but was defeated by Peter The Great’s use of scorched-earth retreat across vast distances. Although only the Swedish king and 543 soldiers survived, he immediately raised another army of Turks to attack Russia. It is not something unique in the personalities of Tsar Peter or President Putin that drives Russia to require non-threatening neighbors. It is the collective Russian memory of invasion.
Each era of history has had its military super-power, and each super-power in turn attacked Russia:
*The Mongol Super Power:*
The Mongol Empire was the largest in history, conquering the Chinese Empire and Persian Empire. In 1238, the Mongols crossed the Volga River with 35,000 mounted archers backed by 70,000 Turks including Chinese siege equipment for attacking walled cities. They conquered most Russian regions as well as Crimea. In 1240, the Mongols captured Kiev and killed most of its 50,000 inhabitants. An estimated 500,000 Kievan Rus (Russians, Ukrainians and Byelorussians) died during the Mongol invasion. For several centuries afterwards, regional Khans continued attacking Russia. For example, in 1382, the Golden Horde sieged Moscow, slaughtered 24,000 Muscovites, and took thousands of captives.
*The Ottoman Super Power:*
At the height of its power in the 1600s, the Ottoman Empire controlled half of the Mediterranean world and all of the Black Sea and Red Sea regions. The Crimean Tatars supplied the Ottoman slave trade by “harvesting the steppe”, taking an estimated 2 million captives between 1500 and 1700. For example, in 1571, a combined Crimean and Ottoman force of 120,000 invaded Russia, burned Moscow, killed an estimated 80,000 Russians, and took 150,000 captives to slave markets in the Crimea. Historians count more than 50 Tatar attacks. The last “harvest” of Russians was in 1769. In the 7th Russo-Turkish War, Russians conquered Crimea and finally freed themselves from Tatar attacks and slavery. In 1783, Russia annexed Crimea. This is the same time in history that the American colonies finally freed themselves from oppressive British taxation.
*The Napoleonic Super Power:*
Napoleon harnessed the passionate ideals of the French Revolution to coercive diplomacy and to new military tactics of massed armies and mobile artillery and was thus invincible in conquering Continental Europe in only 9 years. In 1812, Napoleon assembled the largest army Europe had ever seen, comprised of an estimated 600,000 troops, including 98,000 from Poland. Although Napoleon won battles at Vilnius, Smolensk and Borodino, the Russian strategy of scorched-earth retreat across vast distances, including the evacuation and burning of Moscow, starved and demoralized the invading army. Relatively few survived the winter retreat from Moscow. Russian deaths are estimated to have been 150,000 – 400,000 soldiers and as many civilian.
*The Nazi Super Power:*
Hitler harnessed the passionate ideals of fascism to coercive diplomacy and to new military tactics of blitzkrieg and was thus invincible in conquering Continental Europe in only 2 years. In 1941, Hitler assembled the largest army Europe had ever seen, comprised of an estimated 3.2 million German soldiers and about 500,000 from Italy and Romania. Although Hitler conquered vast stretches of territory, he failed to capture Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad or the Caspian Oil Fields. Soviet deaths were an estimated 8 – 13 million soldiers and as many as 20 million civilians. For example, 200,000 soldiers and 1.2 million civilians died in the Siege of Leningrad. In contrast, total US deaths during WWII were 418,000 military and fewer than 2,000 civilians.
*The US Super Power:*
The US has harnessed the passionate ideals of democracy to coercive diplomacy and to new tactics of covert operations, advanced weapons technology and economic warfare to achieve what it calls, “full spectrum dominance”. Considering its own immense military resources and those of the other 27 NATO nations it controls, plus the resources of its Asian allies of Australia, New Zealand, Japan and South Korea, the US commands the greatest military might the world has ever seen. As with past super-powers, the US and its NATO allies seem to be setting their sights on Russia. Perhaps Cold War history causes them to confuse Russia with the USSR and its many atrocities under the dictatorships of Stalin (native Georgian) and Khrushchev (native Ukrainian). Or perhaps racist perceptions of Russians as “untermensch” (a person considered racially or socially inferior) are still active in Western minds. Or maybe the vast resources of Russia are too attractive to leave untaken.
President Gorbachev allowed the re-unification of Germany based on promises from President Bush and Chancellor Kohl that NATO would not expand eastwards, and then NATO did exactly that, even inviting Ukraine and Georgia to prepare for NATO membership. Georgia is closer to India than it is to the North Atlantic; all the while the US has been determined to install anti-missile systems in Poland, purportedly to shoot down non-existent Iranian ICBMs, but suspiciously capable of nullifying Russia’s nuclear deterrence.
Recent telephone intercepts show that US State Department officials (Victoria Nuland and Geoffrey Pyatt) selected an anti-Russian replacement government for the Ukraine when the elected, constitutional government was still in power. Then chaos in Kiev caused by unidentified snipers resulted in the elected Ukrainian government collapsing. As per US planning, the selected anti-Russian replacement government took power in Kiev and was quickly declared legitimate by NATO nations.
It is easy to see why Russia would perceive these events as another super-power preparing to attack Russia. It is perfectly predictable that Russia would react in ways to defends itself, no matter what the costs. It is mental manipulation by historical trigger-words to claim that Putin is “Hitler”, or that Stalin’s “Red Army” again threatens Europe. Because Americans know nothing of Russian history and have no national experience of foreign invasion, they cannot escape the confines of their own Cold War rhetoric. They cannot imagine history seen from a Russian perspective. Europeans, however, know the horror of war on their own territory, and well remember their own history of attacking Russia. European nations know how many times they’ve teamed up to attack Russia, and know it never worked out well; and probably will not this time either. In this crisis, it is the European nations who need to stand up and shake the super-power awake before an incident turns into a conventional war, turns into a missile war and then turns into a nuclear war. Those transitions could take 30 minutes. At this moment in human history, the world community has more pressing priorities than re-enacting our historical nightmares.
*Floyd Rudmin is a Professor of Social and Community Psychology at the University of Tromsø in Arctic Norway.*